June 3, 2019
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【中醫小知識】日常飲食你吃對了嗎？
#簡單根據寒熱平選擇食物
#自己做自己的醫師
#星期一BlueMonday
認識食物四氣理論
中醫理論中有「四氣五味」之說，四氣又稱四性，是指藥物和食物分為寒性、涼性、溫性和熱性，加上不寒不熱的平性，有人稱為五性。所謂「藥補不如食補」，了解食物的屬性，有助我們認識如何以食物養生。中醫有「寒者熱之，熱者寒之」的理論，屬性寒涼的食物，多具清熱瀉火、滋陰生津的功效，適合有熱症或陽氣旺盛者食用；屬性溫熱的食物，多具有溫補散寒的作用，適合有寒症或陽氣不足者食用。而屬性平和的食物，則任何體質的人皆適合食用。
除了配合個人體質，食物屬性也要與四時氣候配合，寒冷季節要少吃寒涼食物，炎熱季節要少吃溫熱食物，以配合中醫學的「天人相應」觀。
?身體偏熱的表現：口乾、眼乾、喉嚨痛、口瘡、暗瘡、便秘
❄身體偏寒的表現：怕冷、手腳冰冷、臉色蒼白、 身體局部疼痛、大便稀爛
常見食物之屬性：
［穀物類］
寒涼 — 小麥、薏米
平和 — 白米、紅米、糙米、小米、燕麥、芝麻
溫熱 — 糯米／黑糯米／紫米
［蔬菜類］
寒涼 — 冬瓜、白菜、苦瓜、老黃瓜、青/白蘿蔔、菠菜、茄子、番茄
平和 — 菜心、節瓜、佛手瓜、椰菜、西蘭花/椰菜花、豆角、紅蘿蔔、粟米、薯仔、芋頭、番薯、蓮藕
溫熱 — 韭菜、芫茜、南瓜、薑、蔥、辣椒、蒜頭、洋蔥
［水果類］
寒涼 — 西瓜、橙、香蕉、奇異果、士多啤梨、柚子、梨子、蜜瓜/哈蜜瓜、火龍果
平和 — 蘋果、木瓜、紅/葡萄、檸檬、牛油果、菠蘿、無花果
溫熱 — 榴槤、水蜜桃、荔枝、桂圓/龍眼、芒果、車厘子
［肉類］
寒涼 — 鴨、田雞
平和 — 豬、鵝、鵪鶉
溫熱 — 牛、羊
［海鮮類］
寒涼 — 蟹、蜆、蟶子、響螺、花蛤
平和 — 三文魚、鱸魚、鮑魚、鰻魚、蠔、海膽、海蜇
溫熱 — 蝦、青口、海參
Get to know the nature concept of your food
Chinese medicine has a theory of “four natures and five tastes”. It means that medicine and food are categorized into cold, cool, warm and hot, and then mild which is not cold nor hot and they form the “five natures”. It is said that “nourishing the body by eating food is better than taking medicine.” Understanding the nature of food helps us to understand how to nourish the body. Chinese medicine has the theory that cold and cool natured ingredients can clear heat, nourish yin and promote fluid production. It is suitable for those with heat-like symptoms or with excessive yang qi to eat. Warm and hot natured ingredients have the effect of replenishing and dispelling cold. It is suitable for those with cold-like symptoms or with less yang qi. Everyone can eat ingredients that are mild in nature.
Besides body condition, the food nature should also be matched with the four-season climate. In the cold season, eat cold and cool food less. In the hot season, eat less warm and hot food to match the “nature and humanity” view of Chinese medicine.
?Those with heat-like symptoms: dry mouth, dry eyes, sore throats, canker sores, pimples, constipation
❄Those with cold-like symptoms: fear of cold, cold hands and feet, pale face, body pain, loose stools
Nature of common food
[Cereals]
Cold and cool- wheat, coix seeds
Mild- white rice, red rice, brown rice, millet, oatmeal, sesame
Warm and hot- glutinous rice / black glutinous rice / purple rice
[Vegetables]
Cold and cool – winter melon, cabbage, bitter gourd, old cucumber, white radish, spinach, eggplant, tomato
Mild – choy sum, hairy gourd, chayote, cabbage, broccoli, beans, carrots, corn, potato, taro, sweet potato, lotus root
Warm and hot- chives, cilantro, pumpkin, ginger, chili, garlic, onion
[Fruits]
Cold and cool – watermelon, orange, banana, kiwi, strawberry, yuzu, pear, melon/ Hami melon, dragon fruit
Mild- apple, papaya, red/grape, lemon, avocado, pineapple, fig
Warm and hot- durian, peach, lychee, dried longan, mango, cherry
[Meat]
Cold and cool – duck, frog
Mild- pork, goose, quail
Warm and hot- beef, lamb
[Seafood]
Cold and cool – crab, clam, razor clam, sea conch, venus clam
Mild- salmon, striped bass, abalone, eel, oyster, sea urchin, jellyfish
Warm and hot- shrimp, mussel, sea cucumber
